Maratha Empire & Swarajya
Founded by Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj in western Maharashtra on the foundational ideal of 'Hindavi Swarajya' (self-rule). The Maratha confederacy expanded across central and northern India during the 18th century.
Revolutionized guerrilla warfare (Ganimi Kava), established an indigenous naval armada under Kanhoji Angre, built and fortified hundreds of hill and sea forts, and established Kalyan and surrounding creek docks as critical trade and defence bases.
Liberation of Kalyan & Construction of Durgadi Fort
1657 CEShivaji Maharaj captures Kalyan, constructs Durgadi Fort overlooking Ulhas river, and commissions the very first Maratha naval warships at Kalyan docks.
Coronation of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj at Raigad
1674 CECoronation solemnized according to Vedic rites at Fort Raigad, formally instituting the independent Maratha sovereign state.
Third Battle of Panipat
1761 CEEpic clash between the Maratha confederacy led by Sadashivrao Bhau and the Afghan forces of Ahmad Shah Durrani.