Indian Geography & Hydrography Reference Directory

The longest river entirely within India and the sacred lifeline of northern and eastern India. Formed by the confluence of the Bhagirathi and Alaknanda rivers at Devprayag, flowing 2,525 km before draining into the Bay of Bengal through the vast Sundarbans delta.

The second-largest tributary of the Ganga and the longest tributary in India. Originating from the Yamunotri Glacier in the Lower Himalayas, it flows for 1,376 km through Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, Delhi, and Uttar Pradesh before merging with the Ganga at Triveni Sangam, Prayagraj.

India's second-longest river after the Ganga, often revered as the 'Dakshin Ganga' (Ganges of the South). Originating in the Western Ghats at Trimbakeshwar near Nashik, it flows east for 1,465 km across the Deccan Plateau before draining into the Bay of Bengal.

Major east-flowing peninsular river originating at Mahabaleshwar in the Western Ghats of Maharashtra. Traversing 1,400 km across Maharashtra, Karnataka, Telangana, and Andhra Pradesh, it feeds vital agricultural belts and major hydroelectric reservoirs like Almatti, Srisailam, and Nagarjuna Sagar.

The largest west-flowing river of peninsular India, flowing through a traditional rift valley between the Vindhya and Satpura mountain ranges. Originates from the Amarkantak plateau and traverses 1,312 km through Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Gujarat before emptying into the Gulf of Khambhat.

Trans-boundary river of immense hydraulic volume. Originating on the Tibetan Plateau (as the Yarlung Tsangpo), it cuts through the Himalayas at the Great Bend (Namcha Barwa) into Arunachal Pradesh as the Siang/Dihang, flows across the 700-km Assam Valley, and forms the world's largest river island (Majuli).

Short, high-discharge coastal river in the Konkan region of western Maharashtra. Originating in the Sahyadri mountains near Rajmachi, it flows north-west through Karjat, Kalyan, Ulhasnagar, and Dombivli before splitting into two branches draining into Vasai Creek and Thane Creek.

The principal river of southern India, originating at Talakaveri in the Brahmagiri range of the Western Ghats (Kodagu, Karnataka). Flowing southeast through Karnataka and Tamil Nadu for 800 km, it forms the lush agricultural Cauvery delta before entering the Bay of Bengal.

Northwestern arm of the Indian Ocean, bounded on the east by India, north by Pakistan and Iran, and west by the Arabian Peninsula. Connected to the Red Sea through the Gulf of Aden and to the Persian Gulf through the Gulf of Oman.