Sarkari Data
Constitutional BodiesVarious Parts (Articles 76, 148, 280, 315, 338)

Constitutional & Autonomous Oversight Bodies

संवैधानिक एवं स्वायत्त निकाय

Constitutional Citations:Article 76 (AG)Article 148 (CAG)Article 280 (Finance Commission)Article 315 (UPSC)Articles 338, 338A, 338B (National Commissions)
Constitutional Definition

Independent institutions whose powers, appointment procedures, tenure, and functions are directly derived from the text of the Constitution of India, safeguarding accountability, merit, and federal equity.

Constitutional Purpose & Role in the Republic

To serve as structural bulwarks of democratic integrity, ensure non-partisan public auditing, manage civil service meritocracy, distribute inter-governmental revenues, and protect vulnerable communities.

Core Constitutional Responsibilities & Functions
1
Comptroller and Auditor General of India (CAG, Article 148): Guardian of the public purse; audits all receipts and expenditures of the Union and State governments and submits reports to Parliament and State Legislatures (Public Accounts Committees).
2
Union Public Service Commission (UPSC, Article 315): Conducts nationwide merit-based competitive examinations for recruitment to All-India and Central Civil Services.
3
Finance Commission of India (Article 280): Constituted every 5 years to recommend the vertical and horizontal sharing of central divisible tax revenues between the Union and States.
4
Attorney General for India (Article 76): Chief legal advisor to the Government of India and premier law officer with the right of audience in all Indian courts.
5
National Commissions for SC, ST, and Backward Classes (Articles 338, 338A, 338B): Investigate constitutional safeguards and monitor social welfare.

Key Articles & Constitutional Provisions

Article 148: Comptroller and Auditor General

Guarantees complete independence to the CAG, with tenure security equivalent to a Supreme Court judge and salary charged upon the Consolidated Fund of India.

Article 280: Finance Commission

President constitutes a Finance Commission every 5 years to recommend principles governing grants-in-aid and tax sharing between Union and States.

Article 315: Public Service Commissions

Mandates a Union Public Service Commission for the Union and State Public Service Commissions for each State to conduct civil service recruitments.

Related Institutions & Check-and-Balance Organs

Parliament of India

Examines CAG audit reports through the Public Accounts Committee (PAC)

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President of India

Appoints heads of constitutional bodies with statutory tenure protection

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State Governments

Receive tax devolution recommended by the Finance Commission

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Associated Legal & Constitutional Doctrines

Institutional IndependenceSecurity of Tenure (Removal like Supreme Court Judge)Bulwarks of the Constitution (Ambedkar's 4 Bulwarks: SC, CAG, UPSC, ECI)Horizontal & Vertical Fiscal Devolution