Adoption of the Constitution & Sovereign Republic
The drafting, deliberation, and adoption of the Constitution of India—the world's longest written national constitution—establishing India as a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic.
Provided universal adult suffrage from day one, fundamental rights, an independent judiciary, and constitutional guarantees of equality and social justice across a multilingual, diverse subcontinental nation.
First Meeting of Constituent Assembly
9 December 1946Convened in the Constitution Hall (now Central Hall of Parliament) to draft India's constitutional framework.
Adoption of the Constitution (Constitution Day)
26 November 1949The Constituent Assembly formally adopts the Constitution of India after nearly three years of rigorous debate and amendments.
Republic Day of India
26 January 1950The Constitution comes into full effect, replacing the Government of India Act 1935, and India officially becomes a Sovereign Democratic Republic.