High Courts of the States
राज्यों के उच्च न्यायालय
The principal civil and criminal courts of original and appellate jurisdiction in each State and Union Territory, serving as the senior constitutional judicial bodies below the Supreme Court.
To administer justice within their territorial jurisdiction, adjudicate appeals from district and subordinate judiciaries, issue prerogative writs under Article 226, and superintend all subordinate tribunals.
Key Articles & Constitutional Provisions
Article 214: High Courts for States
Mandates that there shall be a High Court for each State, with provision for common High Courts for two or more States (e.g. Bombay High Court, Punjab & Haryana High Court).
Article 226: Writ Jurisdiction
Empowers High Courts to issue writs not only for the enforcement of fundamental rights but also 'for any other purpose', giving it wider textual scope than Article 32.
Article 235: Control over Subordinate Courts
Vests administrative control, postings, promotions, and disciplinary oversight of subordinate judicial officers in the High Court.
Supreme Court of India
Appellate forum above the High Courts
District & Sessions Courts
Judicially and administratively superintended by the High Court
State Governors
Consulted during judge appointments and administers judges' oath